Annisa R, Agustin Y. E, Rahmadani N, Mutiah R. Formulation and Traits of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) of Yellow Root Extract (Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr.) As Wound Therapeutic for Burns. Biomed Pharmacol J 2024;17(3).
Manuscript accepted on :09-05-2024
Printed on-line on: 17-07-2024
Plagiarism Examine: Sure
Reviewed by: Dr. Victor Oti
Second Assessment by: Dr. Moumita Hazra
Ultimate Approval by: Dr. Prabhishek Singh
Methods to Cite |
Publication Historical past
![Views](https://biomedpharmajournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/view_icon.png)
Rahmi Annisa, Yasmin Erly Agustin, Nabila Rahmadani
and Roihatul Mutiah
Division of Pharmacy, School of Medication and Well being Science, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia
Corresponding Creator E-mail:roiha@farmasi.uin-malang.ac.id
Summary
The intention of this examine was to find out the impact of various concentrations of yellow root extract (Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr.) and film-forming hydrogel (FFH) polymer on the physicochemical traits and stability of the preparation. The tactic for making FFH is carried out utilizing various concentrations (%) of 0,5 extract, 1, and 1,5, in addition to variations in focus (%) of PVP and PVA (2,8:15,2; 2,8:17,2; 2,8:19,2). F1 – F9 had been evaluated for physicochemical traits, together with organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesive energy, drying time, viscosity, stickiness, and mechanical properties. Subsequent, freeze-thaw stability and information evaluation had been carried out utilizing the LSD check at a confidence degree of 95%. This analysis signifies that the FFH formulation of yellow root extract has good traits within the F1 system with an extract focus of 0.5% and a focus (%) of PVP and PVP polymer (2.8:15.2), which meets all physicochemical attribute exams. The outcomes of knowledge evaluation utilizing SPSS confirmed that the extract focus and polymer focus had a big impact (0.05<0.05) on the traits and stability of the Yellow Root Extract Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) preparation.
Key phrases
Burns; Movie Forming Hydrogel; Polymers; Wound; Yellow Root Extract
Copy the next to quote this text: Annisa R, Agustin Y. E, Rahmadani N, Mutiah R. Formulation and Traits of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) of Yellow Root Extract (Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr.) As Wound Therapeutic for Burns. Biomed Pharmacol J 2024;17(3).
|
Copy the next to quote this URL: Annisa R, Agustin Y. E, Rahmadani N, Mutiah R. Formulation and Traits of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) of Yellow Root Extract (Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr.) As Wound Therapeutic for Burns. Biomed Pharmacol J 2024;17(3). Accessible from: https://bit.ly/3Wa7Hph
|
Introduction
Burn accidents stay a worldwide well being menace.
The speed of harm is 92 %, and burn harm is certainly one of them 1.
In a earlier examine, the prevalence of burns reached 0.6 % 2. Burns
are the tissue response of the pores and skin to temperature-induced trauma. A number of
issues, resembling warmth, steam, chemical compounds, and electrical energy, can
trigger burns. Most burn accidents had been brought on by excessive temperatures or warmth,
accounting for 95 % of the whole incidence. The forms of heat-related
accidents had been categorized into three classes, together with blisters (50
%), burns from direct contact with hearth (24 %), and burns (26
%) 3.
Indonesia is wealthy in pure sources,
together with a wealth of crops with medicinal properties. The tradition of utilizing
pure elements as drugs has been carried out by society for an extended
time, and the newest pattern is in direction of a extra pure life-style, so individuals are
once more utilizing numerous pure elements for therapy 4.
A lot analysis has been carried out on useful crops in drugs. The usage of
medicinal crops is a practice that has been handed down from era to
era. The usage of pure elements as therapy continues to expertise
fast development within the subject of drugs and fashionable drugs up to now. One plant confirmed
to have medicinal advantages is yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.)
Merr.) 5.
Yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.)
Merr.) is a local Indonesian plant that the neighborhood has extensively used as a
drugs. Compounds in yellow root crops, together with alkaloids, flavonoids, and
saponins, can speed up burn therapeutic 4.
Yellow root plant stem extract with a focus of 0,025 % can
speed up the wound therapeutic course of by means of anti-inflammatory mechanisms 5. In analysis performed by 6, It was talked about that
the yellow root plant stem extract at a focus of 1 gram in 100 grams of
topical gel preparation gave optimum bacterial inhibition outcomes. As well as,
the analysis performed by 4 talked about that the yellow
root’s alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin content material has exercise in epithelial cell
proliferation.
One therapy for
burns may be achieved utilizing typical semisolid topical preparations resembling
ointments, gels, and lotions. Nonetheless, these preparations have limitations when
utilized to the wounded pores and skin 6. These limitations
embrace the contact time between the preparation and the pores and skin, which can’t
final lengthy, is well erased attributable to friction, and frequent use, which impacts
compliance with using the preparation. Technological developments within the
well being sector encourage continued enchancment of drug supply techniques to
overcome the restrictions of earlier preparations. Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH)
is a topical preparation utilized on to the pores and skin floor, leaving a skinny
layer instantly after use. The event of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH)
goals to beat the issues present in earlier preparations with the power
to soak up good wound exudate. As well as, the fashioned movie has properties that
can comply with the pores and skin’s elasticity, offering consolation when used.10
The focus of polymer used impacts the traits of the movie fashioned. The polymer focus must be manageable as a result of it might probably trigger the movie layer fashioned to be stiff and inflexible, making it brittle and simply damaged10. In the meantime, the movie fashioned could have good resistance if the polymer focus will increase. Movie Movie-forming hydrogel (FFH) from ethanol extract of yellow root plant stems is made in 9 formulation, particularly, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, and F9. These formulation have the identical plasticizer and solvent concentrations however totally different concentrations of lively elements and polymers to see the impact on the physicochemical traits of the preparations made and their stability. The lively ingredient used within the FFH preparation is yellow root extract (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) with a focus of % (0,5; 1; 1,5). In the meantime, the polymers used within the system are PVP and PVA with a focus ratio of % (2,8: 15,2; 2,8: 17,2; 2,8: 19,2). Subsequently, this examine goals to acquire a system with good bodily and chemical traits of FFH preparations utilizing variations within the focus of PVP-PVA polymers and extract focus.
Materials and strategies
Extraction of yellow root plant
The extraction of yellow root plant stems was performed utilizing Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (SONICA) utilizing 70% ethanol solvent (PT. Bratachem). The extraction was carried out with a solvent ratio 1:10 for 10 minutes at 50oC. The filtrate that has been obtained is then filtered and concentrated utilizing a rotary evaporator (IKA RV 10 Fundamental) at 400C and within the oven at 500C 8. On this extraction, a yield of 4.8 % was obtained. The requirement for the yield of yellow root extract primarily based on the Indonesian Natural Pharmacopoeia is >3.5 %. 7
Yield Calculation
The system calculates calculation of the yield of yellow root extract:
![](https://biomedpharmajournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Vol17No3_For_Rah_Eq1.jpg)
Preparation of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH)
FFH system consists of yellow root dry extract because the lively ingredient, PVA-PVP because the polymer (PT. Bratachem), Propylene glycol as a plasticizer (PT. Bratachem), nipagin and nipasol as preservatives (PT. Bratachem), and distilled water as a solvent (PT. Bratachem). The preparation of FFH (Desk 1) began with the preparation of hydrogel base (PVA-PVP), and the opposite parts had been blended steadily. Stirring was achieved utilizing a homogenizer (IKA) at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes 9.
Desk 1: Method Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) yellow root extract (A.flava)
Title |
Perform |
Focus % (b/b) |
|||||||||||
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
F4 |
F5 |
F6 |
F7 |
F8 |
F9 |
F10 |
F11 |
F12 |
||
Ekstrak |
Lively compound |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1,5 |
1,5 |
1,5 |
– |
– |
– |
PVP |
Polymer |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
2,8 |
PVA |
Polymer |
15,2 |
17,2 |
19,2 |
15,2 |
17,2 |
19,2 |
15,2 |
17,2 |
19,2 |
15,2 |
17,2 |
19,2 |
PG |
Plasticizer |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Nipagin |
preservative |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
0,18 |
Nipasol |
preservative |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
Aquades |
Solvent |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
advert 100 |
Attribute
Analysis of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH)
Organoleptic
Organoleptic
testing is completed by visually inspecting the preparation’s form, shade, and
odor.
pH
The
pH check was performed utilizing a pH meter (Mettler Toledo) and repeated three
occasions. The pH values that meet the standards are 4-6 10.
Adhesiveness
The
adhesion check was carried out by putting 0.5 g of preparation on a glass slide,
then lined with one other glass slide and giving a load of 200 g for five minutes.
Willpower of adhesion is completed by calculating the time required till each
glass objects are launched. The requirement for the adhesion check is >4
seconds 11.
Spreadability
The
spreadability check was carried out by putting 0.5 g of preparation on a spherical
glass with a diameter, then masking it with one other glass on high and leaving
it for 1 minute. After one minute, weights of fifty, 100, 150 g got.
Diameter measurements had been taken after being given weights for 1 minute. The
necessities for the spreadability check are 5-7 cm 12.
Viscosity
The
viscosity of the preparation was measured utilizing a software viscometer Brookfield
spindle 64. The viscosity check necessities are 7100-83144 cPs 13.
Drying Time
The
drying time check on the fashioned movie was carried out by making use of the preparation
on a glass object that had beforehand been heated at 370C. The check
parameters for drying time are <5 minutes 14.
Mechanical
Properties
Evaluation
of tensile energy and elongation can describe the movie fashioned. The
description of the movie additionally describes its resistance to abrasion and
flexibility. Evaluation primarily based on the mechanical properties of human pores and skin
decided the worth of tensile energy and elongation of the movie fashioned is
5-32 Mpa and 30-115% 15.
Stickiness
The
testing course of is completed by urgent the paper towards the dry movie with low
stress. The movie fashioned ought to persist with one thing aside from the paper 16.
Stability
Stability
testing of FFH utilizing freeze-thaw technique. FFH was saved for twenty-four hours at 40C
and 24 hours at 400C 17.
This course of is repeated for 3 cycles or six days 18.
Knowledge Evaluation
Statistical evaluation was carried out utilizing
parametric statistical exams, multivariate evaluation utilizing SPSS model 23
software program. With a view to know whether or not there was a big affect between
the formulation, additional evaluation was carried out utilizing the least important
distinction (LSD) with a confidence degree of 95% (p-value <0,05).19
Outcomes and Dialogue
This analysis is growing a supply system,
particularly Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH), geared toward overcoming the issues present in
typical topical preparations resembling gels, ointments, and lotions as a result of
typical preparations present a quick contact interval and are much less secure in
storage. The usage of FFH in wound remedy administration can take in wound exudate
nicely 20. As well as, the fashioned movie has properties that may comply with the pores and skin’s
elasticity, offering consolation when used 20.
Attribute
Analysis of Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH)
Organoleptic
Based mostly on the organoleptic analysis outcomes,
F7, F8, and F9 with 1.5 % extract focus have a darker shade and a
extra intense attribute odor when in comparison with F1, F2, and F3 with 0.5
% extract focus and F4, F5, F6 with 1 % extract
focus. FFH that meets the organoleptic necessities has a shade like
the lively substance, a particular aroma of the yellow root, and a thick
look.
The outcomes of the dosage type statement
present that the system may be poured with various viscosity. That is as a result of
enhance within the viscosity of the preparation. By bare eye statement, the
preparations with appropriate viscosity are F1, F4, and F7 as a result of they aren’t
too thick and liquid.
Desk 2: Organoleptic analysis outcomes earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava)
Method |
Observations |
Stability |
||
Earlier than stability check |
After stability check |
|||
F1 |
Colour |
Yellow to gentle brown |
Yellow to gentle brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Yellow root attribute odor |
Yellow root attribute odor |
||
F2 |
Colour |
Yellow to gentle brown |
Yellow to gentle brown |
|
Form |
thick gel-like |
thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Yellow root attribute odor |
Yellow root attribute odor |
||
F3 |
Colour |
Yellow to gentle brown |
Yellow to gentle brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Yellow root attribute odor |
Yellow root attribute odor |
||
F4 |
Colour |
Darkish brown |
Darkish brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
||
F5 |
Colour |
Darkish brown |
Darkish brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
||
F6 |
Colour |
Darkish brown |
Darkish brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
||
F7 |
Colour |
Blackish brown |
Blackish brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
||
F8 |
Colour |
Blackish brown |
Blackish brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
||
F9 |
Colour |
Blackish brown |
Blackish brown |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
Sharp odor typical of yellow root |
||
F10 |
Colour |
Yellowish white |
Yellowish white |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Typical odor of PVA polymer |
Typical odor of PVA polymer |
||
F11 |
Colour |
Yellowish white |
Yellowish white |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Typical odor of PVA polymer |
Typical odor of PVA polymer |
||
F12 |
Colour |
Yellowish white |
Yellowish white |
|
Form |
Thick gel-like |
Thick gel-like |
||
Scent |
Typical odor of PVA polymer |
Typical odor of PVA polymer |
Organoleptic
check observations on FFH preparation had been achieved twice earlier than and after
stability. After the steadiness check, the statement confirmed no change within the
preparation’s shade, odor, and form.
pH
The pH
measurement was carried out utilizing a pH meter. Topical preparations should have a
pH by the traditional pH of the pores and skin, particularly 4-6 10.
The pH across the wounded pores and skin tends to extend between 7-8. An alkaline pH
will inhibit wound therapeutic, so a barely acidic pH is required.
![]() |
Determine 1: Graph of pH measurement earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava).
|
The pH check outcomes present that each one formulation
meet the pH vary in line with the usual, particularly 4-6 20. It may be seen within the
graph that because the extract will increase, the pH of the preparation will lower.
It’s because the pH of the extract is within the acidic pH vary, particularly 5.08.
Within the pH testing graph after stability, the outcomes present a lower in pH. A
lower in pH worth throughout storage can happen as a result of affect of CO2
reacting with the water section, so the pH tends to grow to be extra acidic 21.
Nonetheless, the lower remains to be throughout the vary of pH testing parameters. Based mostly
on the outcomes of LSD statistical evaluation, there’s a important impact
between the focus of extracts and polymers on the pH of FFH
preparations in pH measurement (p-value
<0,05). As well as, the focus of extract and polymer additionally had a
important impact on the steadiness of the preparation (p-value <0,05).
Adhesiveness
Testing the adhesive energy of the preparation
is completed to know the power of the hydrogel preparation to stick to the pores and skin’s
floor when used. A very good hydrogel preparation will produce adhesion of extra
than 4 seconds 11.
The focus of PVA influences the adhesive energy used the place the upper
the focus of PVA, the longer the adhesive energy shall be 12.
![]() |
Determine 2: Graph of Adhesion Testing earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava).
|
The adhesion check outcomes confirmed that each one
formulation met the pH vary in line with the usual, particularly >4 seconds 11.
The graph exhibits that the polymer focus impacts the adhesion of the
preparation, the place the larger the focus of the PVP polymer ratio: PVA
polymer ratio, the extra the adhesion of the preparation will increase. It may be
seen in F3 on the focus ratio of PVP: PVA (2.8: 19.2) % has a
increased graph when in comparison with F1 at a focus ratio of PVP: PVA (2.8:
15.2) %. After the freeze-thaw stability check, the adhesion of the
preparation elevated. It’s because the viscosity of the preparation
will increase after the steadiness check is carried out. The outcomes of the LSD
statistical evaluation present that the extract focus has a non-significant
impact (p-value> 0,05) at 1
% of the extract focus towards F7, F8, and F9. 1.5 %
extract focus towards F4, F5, and F6. Whereas the polymer focus
provides considerably totally different check outcomes (p-value
< 0,05) towards all formulation. As for stability, the focus of extract
and polymer had a big impact (p-value
<0,05).
Spreadability
The spreadability check was performed to
decide the power of FFH preparations to unfold when utilized to the pores and skin.
It’s anticipated to unfold shortly when utilized in order that the impact is evenly
distributed 22.
Hydrogel preparations that present good spreadability are anticipated to have
higher wound therapeutic effectiveness 23.
Unfold capability is said to the viscosity of the preparation, the place the extra
important the viscosity worth of preparation, the harder will probably be
utilized in order that the power of the preparation to unfold shortly on the pores and skin is
additionally decrease. The larger the spreadability of the hydrogel preparation, the
quicker it is going to penetrate the pores and skin and present its effectiveness 22.
Unfold capability testing parameters are 5-7 cm 12. Unfold capability that’s
too excessive (> 7cm) or too low (< 5cm) will make it troublesome when the
preparation is utilized to the pores and skin 12.
![]() |
Determine 3: Unfold capability check graph earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava)
|
The
outcomes of the spreadability check of formulation that meet the spreadability check
requirements of 5-7 cm 12 F1, F4, and F7 with a
polymer focus ratio of PVP: PVA (2.8: 15.2) %. Polymer
focus impacts the power of the preparation to unfold. The upper the
polymer focus used, the preparation’s spreadability can even lower.
After the steadiness check was carried out, the outcomes obtained had been that the
spreadability of the preparation decreased. This exhibits that storage temperature
impacts the viscosity of the preparation. The thicker the preparation, the extra
the spreadability of the preparation will lower. Based mostly on the outcomes of
LSD, statistical evaluation exhibits a big impact of variations in extract
focus and polymer focus on the outcomes of the preparation
spreadability check (p-value
<0,05). The steadiness check confirmed that the focus of 1 %
extract had no important impact (p
worth>0.05) on F10, F11, and F12. On the similar time, the polymer focus
has a big impact (p-value
<0.05).
Viscosity
The viscosity check was performed to find out
whether or not or not the FFH preparation was straightforward to use. It exhibits the power of
the preparation to stream. As well as, viscosity can be utilized as a stability
parameter and have an effect on the preparation’s spreadability and stickiness 23.
![]() |
Determine 4: Viscosity Testing Chart earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava)
|
Based mostly
on the desk above, the outcomes of viscosity testing on FFH preparation of
yellow root extract produce totally different outcomes. The upper the polymer
focus, particularly PVA, used, the larger the viscosity of the preparation.
Formulation that meet the viscosity check requirements 7100-83144 cPs 13
are F1 and F7. It’s because growing the focus of PVA can enhance
the variety of polymer fibers; apart from that, PVA has properties that bind water
in order that a lot liquid is retained and pulled by PVA 24. After the steadiness check,
the viscosity elevated. This modification could also be as a result of impact of the polymer on
temperature adjustments. The final cycle check within the system is at a chilly
temperature of 40C. When preparation is saved at chilly temperatures, the polymer
chains will shorten and be part of one another to extend viscosity 25.
Based mostly on the outcomes of LSD statistical evaluation, it was discovered that 1 %
extract focus didn’t have a big impact (p worth>0.05) on formulation F10, F11, and F12. Polymer
focus has a big impact (p-value
<0.05). In the meantime, the steadiness outcomes confirmed that the focus of 1
% extract had no important impact (p
worth>0.05) on formulation F10, F11, and F12. On the similar time, the polymer
focus has a big impact (p-value
<0.05).
Drying Time
The drying time check was performed to see the
capability of FFH preparation to type a skinny movie on the pores and skin floor shortly
after the preparation was utilized. A very good FFH preparation will allow the
formation of a skinny movie inside 5 minutes 14. The
quicker the FFH preparation dries, the quicker the lively elements are
launched and penetrated. Based mostly on the analysis journal performed by the examine10,
it’s said that after the preparation is utilized to the pores and skin, the solvent
will evaporate, leading to a skinny movie residue. When the solvent evaporates,
the drug shall be launched and penetrated.
![]() |
Determine 5: Drying time testing chart earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava).
|
The drying time check was achieved by making use of the
preparation to a glass object beforehand heated at 370C after which
counting till the preparation dried. Heating the glass object at 370C
goals to supply a temperature corresponding to the typical human physique temperature
within the 36.20C – 37.50C in order that the movie can dry. All FFH
formulation of yellow root extract met the check customary of drying time <5
minutes 14 besides within the management
system 1 (F10). The focus of polymer used impacts the drying time of
the preparation; when used with an growing focus, the drying time
shall be quicker 26.
After
the steadiness check, the preparation’s drying time decreases; the preparation’s
viscosity influences this. The thicker the preparation, the quicker the drying
time shall be as a result of the solvent within the preparation is much less, and the
evaporation of the solvent is quicker. Based mostly on the outcomes of LSD, statistical
evaluation exhibits that the distinction in extract focus and polymer
focus has a big impact (p-value
<0.05). Within the LSD statistical check on stability, the outcomes confirmed that
the focus of extract and polymer had a big impact (p-value <0.05).
Stickiness
The stickiness check is carried out to
decide whether or not the movie fashioned has sticky properties. This check is completed by
attaching a bit of paper pressed on the field with the movie. The movie is claimed
to be good if not sticky on the paper’s floor 16.
Tabel 3: Stickiness Testing Outcomes earlier than and after stability check system 1 (F1)-formula 12 (F12) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava)
Method |
Earlier than Stability Take a look at |
After Stability Take a look at |
F1 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F2 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F3 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F4 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F5 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F6 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F7 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F8 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F9 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F10 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F11 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
F12 |
No movie sticking |
No movie sticking |
The
outcomes of illness testing confirmed that each one formulation fulfilled the stickiness
check; no movie was hooked up to the paper’s floor. This exhibits that when the
preparation is utilized to the pores and skin floor, it doesn’t trigger discomfort
as a result of it’s straightforward to stay to garments or materials. Within the stickiness check, it
was discovered that there have been no adjustments in all formulation from the stickiness check
outcomes after the freeze-thaw stability check was carried out.
Mechanical Properties
Plasticizers play a vital position in
offering flexibility to the movie and growing the tensile energy of the
movie fashioned. The selection of plasticizer have to be tailor-made to the kind of polymer
used and have a low degree of permeability to the pores and skin. Widespread plasticizers
embrace glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and sorbitol 10.
Desk 4: Analysis outcomes of mechanical properties earlier than and after stability check of system 1 (F1) FFH preparation of yellow root extract (A. flava)
Method |
Elongation (Mpa) |
Tensile Energy (%) |
R1 |
2,9 |
30,00 |
R2 |
3,5 |
43,33 |
R3 |
4,2 |
60,00 |
Rerata±SD |
3,53±0,650 |
44,44±15,030 |
Evaluation of tensile energy and suppleness
can describe the movie fashioned. Along with the outline of the movie
fashioned, it additionally describes the movie’s resistance to abrasion and its
flexibility. Based mostly on the graph of the tensile energy and suppleness check
leads to Method 1, the outcomes are 3.53 N and 44.44 %.
The FFH analysis has been extensively developed
utilizing the lively elements 27, pepper extract, and cloves 27.
It’s important to concentrate to using polymer focus within the FFH
system as a result of it might probably have an effect on the bodily and chemical properties of the FFH
preparation. They used focus (%) of PVP and PVA polymer with a ratio of
2.8:17.2 to provide FFH preparations with optimum traits. On this
examine, variations in focus (%) of PVP and PVA had been carried out inside
limits30. The bottom and highest are at a ratio of two.8:15.2,
2.8:17.2, and a couple of.8:19.2. The usage of polymers influences the traits of
the Movie film-forming hydrogel (FFH) preparation, together with formation time,
adhesion, pH worth, viscosity, spreadability, stickiness 28.
Mechanical properties are affected by the sort
and quantity of polymer. Concentrations which are too low trigger discontinuous movie
formation, whereas concentrations which are too excessive produce stiff movies, inflicting
discomfort when utilized. The development of mechanical properties can be
influenced by including plasticizers, which may enhance the voids between polymer
chains, thus growing their mobility 15.
This analysis focuses on formulation so
additional analysis is required concerning its effectiveness in therapeutic burn wounds
by means of pre-clinical trials utilizing experimental animals. In addition to that in-depth
examine of formulations associated to further supplies, particularly the forms of
polymers used which may affect the bodily and chemical traits of
Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) preparations.
Conclusion
One of the best Movie Forming Hydrogel (FFH) preparation was proven
in F1 with an extract focus of 0,5 % and a focus of polymers (%)
of PVP and PVA (2,8:15,2), which met the physicochemical traits check
which included a semisolid type with a attribute odor. Yellow root extract
is yellow to gentle brown, pH 5,58 ± 0,026, spreadability 5,45 ± 0,01, adhesive
energy (seconds) 1,02 ± 0,25, drying time (seconds) 3,95 ± 0,67, stickiness
signifies no movie adheres to the fiber, viscosity (Cps) 7120 ± 9078.58,
elongation (Mpa) 3,53 ± 0,65, tensile energy (%) 44,44 ± 15,03. In step with
present concept, variations within the focus (%) of PVP and PVA polymers (2,8:15,2;
2,8:17,2; 2,8:19,2 ) have a big impact (p-value <0, 05) on the
bodily and chemical traits in addition to the steadiness of the
preparation which requires additional improvement of this analysis on wound
therapeutic actions.
Acknowledgments
The authors additionally want
to thank the Pharmacy Division of State Islamic College, Maulana Malik
Ibrahim of Malang, for offering the amenities to conduct this examine.
Battle of Curiosity
The authors declared no battle of curiosity.
Funding Sources
This analysis was funded by the School of Medical and Well being Science, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang superior college analysis collaboration between lecturers and college students primarily based on dean choice quantity 0910/FKIK/05/2023.
References
- Wisesa J, Revilla G, Yenita Y. Pengaruh Pemberian Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Terhadap Gambaran Mikroskopis Jaringan Adneksa Pada Kulit Tikus Luka Bakar Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia 2022;3(2):131–137; doi: 10.25077/jikesi.v3i2.822.
CrossRef - Putu N, Anantarini D, Rosita ME, et al. Efektivitas Ekstrak Tanaman Obat Dalam Sediaan Gel Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Bakar PENDAHULUAN Salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia yang menyebabkan sekitar 180 . 000 kematian setiap tahunnya adalah luka bakar . Berdasarkan information Riskesdas 2018 prevelensi lu. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan (JIKA) 2022;1(2):28–39.
- Wijaya GA, Adnyana IMS, Subawa IW. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Pedagang Gorengan Tentang Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Pertama Luka Bakar Di Denpasar Tahun 2017. Jurnal Medika Udayana 2019;8(9).
- Giri IM, Wardani Okay, Suena NM. Peran metabolit sekunder tumbuhan dalam pembentukan kolagen pada kulit tikus yang mengalami luka bakar. Jurnal Integrasi Obat Tradisional 2021;1(1):23–29.
- Tavita GE, Lestari D, Linda R, et al. Phytochemical Testing and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Exercise on Ethanol Extract of Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava L) Stems from West Kalimantan. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 2022;22(4):1334–1339; doi: 10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4431.
CrossRef - Mulyani E, Suratno S, Pratama MRF. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Gel Topikal Antibakteri Fraksi Aktif Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.). Jurnal Pharmascience 2020;7(1):116–124; doi: 10.20527/jps.v7i1.8081.
CrossRef - Susiloningrum D, Sari Dem. Optimasi Suhu Uae (Ultrasonik Asssisted Extraction) Terhadap Nilai Solar Safety Issue (Spf) Ekstrak Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber Purpureum Roxb) Sebagai Kandidat Bahan Aktif Tabir Surya. Cendekia Journal Of Pharmacy 2023;7(1):58–66; Doi: 10.31596/Cjp.V7i1.207.
CrossRef - Hasibuan Ne, Azka A, Basri, Et Al. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Avicennia Marina Dari Kawasan Bandar Bakau Dumai. Aurelia Journal 2022;4(2):137–142.
- Handayani W, Aryani N, Oktaviyanti N. Stabilitas Fisik Dan Ph Sediaan Gel Antiaging Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.). CALYPTRA 2020;9(1):1–19.
- Crendhuty FD, Sriwidodo S, Wardhana YW. Sistem Penghantaran Obat Berbasis Biopolimer Kitosan sebagai Movie Forming System. Majalah Farmasetika 2021;6(1):38–55; doi: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i1.27457.
CrossRef - Forestryana D, Hayati A, Putri AN. Formulation and Analysis of Pure Gel Containing Ethanolic Extract of Pandanus amaryllifolius R. Utilizing Numerous Gelling Brokers. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 2022;5(4):345–356; doi: 10.33084/bjop.v5i4.1411.
CrossRef - Silvia BM, Dewi ML. Studi Literatur Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Foundation terhadap Karakteristik Masker Gel Peel Off. Jurnal Riset Farmasi 2022;2(1):31–40; doi: 10.29313/jrf.v2i1.702.
CrossRef - Mardhianto A. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Masker Gel (Peel-off) Ekstrak Kulit Delima (Punica granatum L.). Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta 2019;2019:1–17.
- Kathe Okay, Kathpalia H. Movie forming techniques for topical and transdermal drug supply. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017;12(6):487–497; Doi: 10.1016/J.Ajps.2017.07.004.
CrossRef - Susilowati R, Annisa R, Duhita Mr, Et Al. Pengembangan Sediaan Movie Forming Hydrogel Ekstrak Habbatussauda Dan Hilbah Sebagai Penyembuh Luka Diabetik (Implementasi Hadist Dalam Industri Farmasi Halal). 2023.
- Reddy PS, Ramana Murthy Okay V. Formulation and analysis of oral quick dissolving movies of poorly soluble drug ezetimibe utilizing transcutol Hp. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Training and Analysis 2018;52(3):398–407; doi: 10.5530/ijper.52.3.46.
CrossRef - Tungadi R, Sy. Pakaya M, D.as’ali PW. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Senyawa Astaxanthin. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Training 2023;3(1):117–124; doi: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i1.14612.
CrossRef - Rahmani SIP, Zulkarnian AK. Optimization of HPMC and Na-CMC as Gelling Brokers on Bodily Properties and Stability in Sunflower Seed Oil Gel Formulation. JFood PharmSci 2023;11(2):812–819.
CrossRef - Riswan, Dunan H. Desain Penelitian Dan Statistik Multivariate. Agustus 20. (Riswan, Dunan H. eds). CV. Anugrah Utama Raharja: Bandar Lampung; 2019.
- Arisanty, Anita. Uji Mutu Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Na. Lauril Sulfat. Media Farmasi 2018;14(1):110–115.
CrossRef - Phindo L. Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Fisik Masker Peel Off Yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol 96% Kulit Batang Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus. Lamk) Asam Glikolat Dan Niasinamida. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta; 2016.
- Rosari V, Fitriani N, Prasetya F. Optimasi Foundation Gel dan Evaluasi Sediaan Gel Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam (Piper betle L. Var Nigra). Continuing of Mulawarman Prescribed drugs Conferences 2021;204–212.
- Thomas NA, Taupik M, Djuwarno EN, et al. Uji Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Gel Enzim Bromelin Menggunakan Carbopol 940 Secara In Vivo. Journal Syifa Sciences and Scientific Analysis 2023;5(2):232–244; doi: https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v5i2.20364 Uji.
CrossRef - Arinjani S, Ariani LW. Fisik Sediaan Masker Gel Peel Off Ekstrak Daun Ungu (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff). Media Farmasi Indonesia 2019;14(2):1525–1530.
- Mursyid AM. Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik Dan Profil Difusi Sediaan Gel (Minyak Zaitun). Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia 2017;4(1):205–211; doi: 10.33096/jffi.v4i1.229.
CrossRef - Eka Ermawati D, Prastyo Adi L. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Polivinil Alkohol terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Sediaan Peel-off Masks Ekstrak Etanol Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Journal of Utilized Agriculture, Well being, and Know-how 2023;02(01):43–53; doi: 10.20961/jaht.v2i1.638.
CrossRef - Ramadhani, F; Miratsi, L; Humaeroh, Z & Afriani, F. Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Hidrogel PVA/Alginat Mengandung Ekstrak Lada Sebagai Pembalut Luka Antibakteri. Journal of Physics. 2021;02(02):54-59; doi: 10.33369/nmj.v2i2.17752
CrossRef - Pertiwi, D; Ikhsanudin, A; Ningsih, A & Sugihartini, N. Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Sediaan Hydrogel Minyak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) Berbasis Kitosan. Media Farmasi. 2017;14(1):17-28;
CrossRef - Chamidah, N & Rohmawati, L. 2022. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau Dan Madu Terhadap Sifat Antibakteri Plester Luka Hidrogel Pva/Kitosan. Inovasi Fisika Indonesia. Quantity 11, Nomor 1: 48–55; doi: 10.26740/ifi.v11n1.p48-55.
CrossRef - Saranya & Manoj. Formulation, Analysis, and Optimization of Novel Silver Sulfadiazine Loaded Movie Forming Hydrogel For Burns. Journal for medicine and medicines. 2016;8(2):1-10; doi: 10.15254/H.J.D.Med.8.2016.156
CrossRef
(Visited 1 occasions, 1 visits in the present day)